A distinct preference for the formation of Cram products occurs when α-branched aldehydes are subjected to aldol reactions with boron enolates, provided that the latter feature the (E)-configuration. These catalyzed reactions are widely used methods to efficiently increase molecular complexity in pharmaceutical, polymer, and natural product syntheses. An alcohol is formed. Since detection of the exotherm may be difficult under reflux conditions, in situ FTIR spectroscopy is used to monitor the organic halide concentration and the formation of the Grignard reagent. The advantages included fewer synthetic steps, lower energy consumption and less raw material usage. Scheme 10. Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. The chiral aldehyde 28 is attacked by the enolate 27a from its Si-face and leads to the diastereomer 29a as the predominant product, with only minor amounts of the diastereomer 30a (dr 97:3).42 However, the stereoselectivity is sensitive with regard to the relative configuration of the aldehyde.43 As expected from aldol reactions of (E)-enolates, the simple diastereoselection leads to an anti-configuration of the new bond that is formed.42 The fact, that, with the substrate in its enantiomeric form, the boron enolate 27b missing the α-substituent yields poor diastereoselectivity (29b:30b=69:31) may serve as an example of the problems that the aldol reaction with α-unsubstituted enolates frequently encounters (see Chapter 2.13).44. One of the key steps was developing a continuous flow method for the initial step, a Grignard addition between between 10,10-dimethylanthrone (10,10DMA) and 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propylmagnesium chloride, resulting in formation of the magnesium alkoxide. Microgravimetric determination of active hydrogen by the Grignard reagent: Application to analysis of impregnated paper insulating tapes. L, cyclohexyl or 9-BBN; PMB, p-methoxybenzyl. Given the success with the batch Grignard reactions, we inspired from the previous studies7 to optimize the chemistry in flow (Table 2). In situ FTIR spectroscopy provides information to support reaction mechanisms hypotheses. Because of the strain in this structure, epoxides are quite reactive and represent a valuable functional group for performing a variety of reactions. The anion of chloromethyl phenyl sulfone adds to a variety of nitroquinolines to give [(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]nitroquinolines <1996LA641>. Several isoxazolidines or their quaternary salts derived from the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of α,β-hexenolides (6,7-dihydrooxepin-2(5H)-ones) to cyclic nitrones, were converted into the corresponding piperidyl- and pyrrolidyloxepinones by reduction of the nitrogen–oxygen bond (Equation 4).

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