Armed only with Internet access and their phone, tablet, or laptop, a stalker can get online and threaten his or her target from another city, state, or continent, and even shield or hide his or her location. To read the article, get a premium account. If this has happened to you, you deeply understand the feelings of invasion and violation that surface. Acquisti, A., L. Brandimarte, and G. Loewenstein. Hello Dr. Hinduja thank you for your excellent article. EU continues to push for lawful access (aka backdoors) to end-to-end encrypted data, Privacy News Online | Weekly Review: November 6, 2020, California votes to “expand” privacy laws to allow companies to make you pay for privacy, The next big privacy battles: cross-border data flows and data localization, Abusive surveillance in the name of public health is a widespread problem around the world, new report says, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Stalking is done with the assistance of technology (typically the internet) rather than in person, It is done to make a person feel afraid, threatened, or worried about their safety, The stalker monitors the victim’s behavior, threatens them, or makes unwanted advances, Catfishing, or pretending to be someone else online to get close to a victim – often with the goal of obtaining private information or photos, Monitoring their victim’s whereabouts using social media check-ins and location tags, Viewing metadata on images or other files, including geotags, Using an electronic device, computer, or email communication to harass a person is prohibited under laws enacted by New York, New Hampsire, Illinois, Hawaii, Connecticut, Arizona, and Alabama, Messages sent electronically are covered by anti-stalking laws in California, Wyoming, Oklahoma, Florida, and Alaska, with Florida strengthening this legislation to include an outright ban on cyberstalking in 2003, Stalking through electronic means is banned in Texas, Stalking and harassment using electronic means as well as cyberbullying are banned in Missouri, Review your privacy settings on all accounts, including social media and email, Turn off geotagging and location sharing on all devices, Never use a location tag feature, like Facebook’s “check in” option, when uploading photos, Set strong passwords and never use the same password twice, Google yourself to see how much information is available, and take steps to limit anything private, Use a VPN whenever you are browsing online, especially when using public Wi-Fi networks. Unfortunately, these pieces of legislation do not adequately address all instances of cyberstalking, leaving it to state legislators to … California lead the way in 1999 with the first anti-cyberstalking law passed at the state level. The internet providers do not allow for direct wire-tapping of channels of the internet and do not uphold the needfor quality evidence under circumstances. Define cyberbullying and describe the legal implications of cyberbullying an individual. In addition, if there is evidence in various jurisdictions, how does one collect it all? Sastry is a Researcher in Law at Walden University, U.S.A. Most of the time, those who cyberstalk use social media, Internet databases, search engines, and other online resources to intimidate, follow, and cause anxiety or terror to others [3-5]. For example, you should always log out of programs when you are done if your device is ever accessible by another person. For example in Florida, a person who communicates a threat of bodily injury or communicates the threat to anyone under the age of 16, faces a third-degree felony and can even be incarcerated for ten years. The agents in chargeadvise the clients on how to go about it in the case of any harassment or if one notices that someone is stalking them. Understanding what it is and how it is treated in your area can go a long way to keeping you feeling safer and more secure online. Cyberstalking is a relatively new concept, and there has yet to be a universally agreed-upon definition. What is more, Online SOS, Undox.me and Crash Override Network are three other organizations you can contact, particularly if your personal information has been compromised and exposed. Define cyberstalking and describe the legal implications of cyberstalking an individual. Cyber stalking gets mostly experienced on networked Personal Computers (PCs), but it can also extend to portable devices such as laptops, PDAs (Personal Data Assistants), mobile phones and devices that get connected to the internet(EBSCO, 1999). (n.d.). Some of the most popular tactics include: In the United States, cyberstalking is a criminal offence. – that you store therein. Slander, harassment, and anti-stalking legislation laws govern cyberstalking to some degree. If someone is cyber stalking a victim, then it will be more imperative for the victim to save all the evidence. Also check online people databases like Zabasearch, Spokeo, Pipl, Wink, and PeekYou, as well as social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. [6-8]. Therefore, it is easy to trace the stalkers. Since most victims already know their stalker, it is never too early to review your online behavior to mitigate your risks and keep yourself protected. However; cyber stalking offences can get raised to a level of a felony. Section § 646.9 of the California Penal Code (entitled “Stalking”) provides in part that: “Any person who willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows or … harasses another person and who makes a credible threat with the intent to place that person in reasonable fear for his or her safety, or the safety of his or her immediate family is guilty of the crime of stalking.” California law states that a “credible threat” can be verbal or written, “including that performed through the use of an electronic communication device, or a threat implied by a pattern of conduct or a combination of verbal, written, or electronically communicated statements and conduct, made with the intent to place the person that is the target of the threat in reasonable fear for his or her safety or the safety of his or her family, and made with the apparent ability to carry out the threat so as to cause the person who is the target of the threat to reasonably fear for his or her safety or the safety of his or her family.” This crime is punishable by up to one year in jail, or by a fine of $1,000, or by both.
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